Placental-related fetal growth restriction arises primarily due to deficient remodeling of the
uterine spiral arteries supplying the placenta during early pregnancy. The resultant
malperfusion induces cell stress within the placental tissues, leading to selective
suppression of protein synthesis and reduced cell proliferation. These effects are
compounded in more severe cases by increased infarction and fibrin deposition.
Consequently, there is a reduction in villous volume and surface area for maternal-fetal …